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The Utilization of Red Gypsum Waste for Glazes.

Rose Aini Kamarudin, and Mohd. Shahir Zakaria, (2007) The Utilization of Red Gypsum Waste for Glazes. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11 (1). pp. 57-64. ISSN 13942506

Full text not available from this repository.

Official URL: http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~mjas/v11_n1/09_14B2-KB-Rose-1.pdf

Affiliations

Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Engineering Sciences and Mahematics

Abstract

Red gypsum (RG) is a by-product during the extraction of titanium(IV) oxide from the ilmenite ores and it causes problems such as storing and environmental pollution. In this study red gypsum, a reddish brown semi-solid mud, which is the industrial waste of a local company in Malaysia, was investigated for use in the making of glazes for the ceramic industry. The major constituents of RG are hydrated CaSO4 (70 wt %), Fe2O3 (30 wt %) and small amount of Al2O3. The total accumulation of RG in Malaysia is at least 340,000 tons per year. It was found that the addition of up to 36 % of the RG waste was possible in the production of glazes. The glazes which contain different compositions were examined for their surface hardness properties, chemical strengths in 5 % HNO3 and 5% NaOH solutions and crazing behaviour at 180 oC under 5 bars of pressure for 2 hours.

Gipsum merah (RG) merupakan keluaran sampingan semasa proses pengekstrakan titanium(IV) oksida daripada bijih ilmenit dan ia menimbulkan masalah penyimpanan dan pencemaran persekitaran. Dalam kajian ini, lumpur separa pepejal bewarna merah, iaitu hasil buangan industri daripada syarikat tempatan di Malaysia, dikaji kegunaannya dalam pembuatan gerlis bagi industri seramik. Kandungan utama dalam gipsum merah ialah CaSO4 terhidrat (70 % berat), Fe2O3 (30 % berat) dan sedikit Al2O3. Jumlah pengumpulan gipsum merah di Malaysia dianggarkan 340,000 ton setahun. Daripada kajian, kami dapati penambahan gipsum merah sehingga 36 % mampu menghasilkan gerlis. Gerlis yang mengandungi komposisi berbeza dikaji dari segi ciri-ciri kekerasan permukaan, ketahanan kimia dalam larutan berasingan 5% HNO3 dan 5 % NaOH. Sifat keretakan halus pada suhu 180 oC di bawah tekanan 5 bar selama 2 jam juga dikaji.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:The authors acknowledged the financial support from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (IRPA grant as of Jan 2004) and Universiti Tenaga Nasional for a seeding fund to start the project. Special thanks are directed to Dr. Ramesh of UNITEN, Dr. Teng Wang Dun and Encik Ahmad Sabata of SIRIM, Ms Cindy Koh of Clay Expression Subang Jaya for assisting in firing of glazed tiles and pots and Mr Kaman Kamis of Tioxide Malaysia for the prompt delivery of red gypsum waste material upon request.
Keywords:Red gypsum, waste and glaze, environmenal Pollution, mud, ceramic industry wastes
Subjects:Q Science
ID Code:1003

1. Greenwood N.N. and Ernshaw A., 1984, Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press Limited, page 1118.

2. Personal communications with Tioxide (Malaysia) Sdn Berhad, Kawasan Perindustrian Teluk Kalung, Kemaman, Malaysia.

3. Chai Mee Kin, Rose Aini Kamarudin, Lee Fai Tsen, 2001, “Chemical composition of red gypsum sample from TiO2 landfill”, Proceedings of Malaysian Chemical Conference 2001, Nov 7-9, Penang.

4. Rose Aini Kamarudin, Chai Mee Kin, Lee Fsai Tsen, Shamsu Mohamad, 2002, “Chemical Analysis and potential application of an industrial waste material from local paint factory”, Proceeding of the International Conference & Exposition on Pure and Applied Chemistry (PACCON 2002), Bangkok.

5. Chai Mee Kin, Rose Aini Kamarudin, Lee Fai Tsen, Shamsu Mohamad, 2002, “The chemical indentification of red gypsum and its potential as a glazing agent”, Proceedings of the XIX Regional Conference on Solid State Science and Technology.

6. Chai Mee Kin, Rose Aini Kamarudin.and Lee Fai Tsen, 2003, “The chemical indentification of red gypsum and its potential as a glazing agent”, Journal of Solid State Science & Technology Letter, 10(2), 92 – 98.

7. Daniel Rhodes, Clay and Glazes for the Potter, Revised Edition, 1973, Chilton Book Company, Radnor, Pennsylvania. 8. Nevin Yalem and Vahdettin Sevinc, 2000, “Utilization of bauxite waste in ceramic glazes”, Ceramics International, 26,495 – 493.

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