Formulation of Lignin Phenol Formaldehyde Resins as a Wood Adhesive

Mohamad Ibrahim, M.N. and Md. Ghani, A. and Nen, N. (2007) Formulation of Lignin Phenol Formaldehyde Resins as a Wood Adhesive. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11 (1). pp. 213-218. ISSN 13942506

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Affiliations

Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Chemical Sciences

Abstract

This work describes the potential of reducing phenol with lignin in phenol formaldehyde resin formulation. The physical and chemical properties between lignin phenol formaldehyde resin (LPF) and commercial phenol formaldehyde resin (CPF) were compared. Phenol had been replaced by lignin [that was extracted from black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB)] in synthesizing resin with a ratio lignin to phenol 1:1. The IR spectra showed that there were similarities in functional groups between LPF resin and CPF resin. The comparison of physical strength properties via tensile strength test between LPF resin and CPF resin showed that the newly formulated resin has higher bonding strength compared to commercial resin. Kinematics viscosity test showed that LPF resin has lower kinematics viscosity compared to CPF resin in 21 days storage time. SEM images for both resin showed similarities in the effect of resin penetration into wood’s vessel existed.

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji potensi lignin sebagai pengganti kepada fenol dalam penghasilan resin fenol formaldehid. Seterusnya perbandingan sifat fizikal dan kimia dikaji antara resin lignin fenol formaldehid dengan resin fenol formaldehid komersial. Lignin yang diekstrak daripada likuor hitam tandan kelapa sawit kosong telah dijadikan sebagai pengganti kepada fenol dalam penghasilan resin dengan nisbah lignin-fenol 1:1. Spektrum IR bagi resin lignin fenol formaldehid menunjukkan persamaan kumpulan berfungsi dengan resin fenol formaldehid komersial. Perbandingan kekuatan tensil melalui ujian kekuatan resin menunjukkan resin lignin fenol formaldehid mampu membuat pengikatan yang lebih kukuh dengan substrat berbanding dengan resin fenol formaldehid komersial. Daripada ujian kelikatan kinematik yang dilakukan menunjukkan resin lignin fenol formaldehid mempunyai kelikatan yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan resin fenol formaldehid komersial walaupun setelah melalui proses penyimpanan selama 21 hari. Imej SEM bagi kedua-dua resin menunjukkan corak perekatan yang hampir sama dan wujud kesan penembusan resin ke dalam liang vesel kayu.

Item Type:

Journal

Additional Information:

The authors would like to express their appreciations to Universiti Sains Malaysia and the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education for the financial support of this project through a research grant (203/PKIMIA/671028). The authors also would like to thank Sabutek (M) Sdn. Bhd. for supplying the EFB long fiber and the School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia for supplying black liquor for this study.

Keywords:

lignin phenol formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, lignin, black liquor,oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB)

Subjects:

Q Science

ID Code:

1048