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Analisis kecekapan teknik dalam industri skel kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia

Zulridah Mohd Noor, and Rahmah Ismail, (2007) Analisis kecekapan teknik dalam industri skel kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia. International Journal of Management Studies, 14 (1). pp. 199-218. ISSN 0127-8983

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Official URL: http://ijms.uum.edu.my/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=6:ijms-vol-14-no1.-june-2007-10&Itemid=12

Affiliations

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business

Abstract

Industri Skel Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS) merangkumi lebih 90% daripada bilangan pertubuhan sektor pembuatan di Malaysia. Oleh itu, industri skel kecil dan sederhana memainkan peranan yang amat besar terutamanya dalam mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan kepada penduduk. Kecekapan teknik sektor ini mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan kepada kecekapan teknik keseluruhan sektor pembuatan. Sering diperkatakan bahawa sektor IKS mempunyai kecekapan yang rendah dibandingkan dengan industri skel besar dan ini mempengaruhi sumbangannya kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi daya saing negara. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis kecekapan teknik 95 firma pembuatan dalam industri skel kecil dan sederhana di Malaysia menggunakan data kaji selidik yang dilakukan pada 1997. Dalam analisis ini prosedur dua-peringkat digunakan. Pada peringkat pertama kecekapan teknik setiap firma dihitung dengan menggunakan metodologi sempadan tak berparameter yang dikenal sebagai Analisis ‘Data Envelopment’. Dalam analisis ini pendekatan berorientasi input pada teknologi pulangan malar ikut skel dan pulangan berubah ikut skel digunakan. Peringkat kedua pula merupakan analisis regresi tertapis (censored) menggunakan model Tobit untuk mengenal pasti penentu kecekapan teknik yang telah dihitung. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan kebanyakan firma dalam industri skel kecil dan sederhana adalah secara relatif tidak cekap. Kajian juga mendapati semua firma yang tidak cekap tersebut beroperasi di bahagian pulangan meningkat ikut skel. Saiz firma dan tahap penjenteraan mempunyai kesan positif yang signifikan terhadap kecekapan teknik firma.

ABSTRACT
The Small and Medium Scale industries (SMIs) comprise more than 90% of the total number of enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia. Therefore, SMIs play a major role especially in generating employment opportunities. Technical efficiency of SMIs has a significant influence on overall technical efficiency of the manufacturing sector. Firms in SMIs are generally
found to exhibit relatively low levels of technical efficiency as compared to the Large Scale Industries (LSIs) and this influence their contributions to the gross domestic product and national competitiveness. This article aims to analyse technical efficiency of 95 firms in SMIs in Malaysia using survey data conducted in 1997. The analysis uses two stage procedures. In the first stage, technical efficiency is calculated for every firm using non-parametric
frontier methodology known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In this analysis, we adopt an input oriented approach at constant return to scale and variable return to scale technology. In the second stage, censored regression
analysis using a Tobit model is estimated to identify the determinants of technical efficiency, that were computed in the first stage. The study found that most firms in SMIs are technically inefficient and operate at an increasing
return to scale. Firm size and level of machinery utilisation have a positive significant effect on technical efficiency.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:Formerly known as Jurnal Analisis
Keywords:Industri skel kecil dan sederhana; kecekapan teknik dan skel; analisis data envelopment, small and medium scale industries; scale and technical efficiency; data envelopment analysis.
Subjects:H Social Sciences, Economics, Sociology
ID Code:10619

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