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The Development of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Haloacetic Acids Compounds (HAAs) in Drinking Water

Marini Ab. Rahman, and Md. Pauzi Abdullah, and Jamaluddin Mohd. Daud, and Sadia Waseem, (2006) The Development of an Analytical Method for the Determination of Haloacetic Acids Compounds (HAAs) in Drinking Water. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 10 (1). pp. 75-80. ISSN 13942506

Full text not available from this repository.

Official URL: http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~mjas/v10_n1/11_marini.pdf

Affiliations

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science & Technology, School of Chemical Science and Food Technology

Abstract

The occurrence of disinfection by product (DBPs) in drinking water has been an issue of major concern during the last century due to their adverse health effect. The development and optimization of analytical methods for the determination of DBPs especially haloacetic acids (HAAs) in water are key points in order to estimate human exposure to treated water. This paper focuses on the development of method for the analysis of HAAs for routine analysis of these compounds in Malaysian drinking water. A solid phase extraction technique with final analysis by gas chromatography - electron capture detector system (SPE-GC-ECD) was successfully developed for the purpose. At optimal conditions, the mean recoveries of 95% with relative standard deviation (RSD) below 4 % were attained. Precision and accuracy were determined at a concentration level of 20 to 60 µg/l. Limits of detection ranged from 0.011 µg/l to 0.193 µg/l for all nine HAAs. A study was carried out to assess the level of HAAs in Semenyih Catchment (SC) and the Semenyih River Water Treatment Plant (SRWTP). For all the nine HAAs targeted, only five components i.e MCAA, DCAA, TCAA, DBAA and BCAA were detected in different concentration of the raw and treated waters. None of HAA component was detected in water from Semenyih dam (SS1). Concentration of HAAs present in Semenyih river basin (SC) increased from SS 2 (the most upstream point) until SS 9 (downstream of the river at the intake point) due to discharges from agro-based, sewage, earthworks and land-clearing and manufacturing industries. However higher concentrations of HAAs were detected in the treated water of the SRWTP as expected due to the chlorination process.

Kewujudan hasil sampingan disinfeksi (DBPs) dalam air minum merupakan satu isu yang penting semenjak abad lepas disebabkan oleh kesannya ke atas kesihatan. Perkembangan dan pengoptimuman kaedah analisis bagi penentuan sebatian DBP ini terutamanya asid haloasetik (HAAs) dalam air adalah merupakan perkara pokok bagi menilai pendedahan manusia terhadap sebatian ini dalam air minum. Kertas ini menfokus kepada perkembangan satu kaedah analisis HAA bagi penentuan rutin di dalam air minum Malaysia. Satu kaedah pengekstrakan fasa pepejal diikuti oleh penentuan akhir dengan kromatografi gas yang dilengkapi dengan pengesan pemerangkapan elektron (SPE-GC-ECD) telah berjaya dikembangkan bagi tujuan ini. Pada keadaan optimumnya kaedah ini mempunyai peratus perolehan semula melebihi 95% dengan nilai sisihan piawai relatif kurang daripada 4%. Kepresisan dan kejituan telah dikaji pada aras kepekatan 20 hingga 60 µg/l. Had pengesanan bagi semua sembilan HAA berjulat antara 0.011 µg/l hingga 0.193 µg/l. Kaedah ini telah digunakan dalam satu kajian mengenai aras HAAs di lembangan Sg. Semenyih (SC) dan di loji rawatan air Sg. Semenyih (SRWTP). Daripada sembilan sebatian HAA yang disasarkan, hanya lima sebatian sahaja iaitu MCAA, DCAA, TCAA, DBAA dan BCAA dapat dikesan dalam pelbagai aras kepekatan di dalam air mentah dan air terawat. Tiada HAA dikesan di dalam air daripada Empangan Semenyih (SS1). Aras HAA di lembangan Sg. Semenyih didapati bertambah dari hulunya (SS2) hingga ke titik pengambilan air mentah (SS9). Ini mungkin disebabkan perkembangan dalam penggunaan tanah dan kesan daripada pembangunan industri, kawasan pelupusan sampah dan buangan daripada kawasan penempatan. Aras yang jauh lebih tinggi didapati dalam air di SRWTP disebabkan oleh proses penklorinan yang digunakan di loji tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun aras HAA yang didapati dalam kajian ini masih lagi di bawah had yang dibenarkan di dalam air minum.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:The authors gratefully acknowledged Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for the laboratory facilities. The financial support of Malaysian Government under R & D grant, IRPA programme 08-02-02-0009EA179 and Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Inovation is gratefully acknowledged. Authors wish to express thanks to Konsortium ABASS Sdn. Bhd. for proving the required information and for environmental sanitation work.
Keywords:Haloacetic acids; Solid phase extraction; Water analysis; liquid-liquid extraction; drinking water
Subjects:Q Science
ID Code:1076

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