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The Concept of Jihad in Qutb and Shari`ati

Mohamed, Yasien, (2009) The Concept of Jihad in Qutb and Shari`ati. AFKAR Journal of Aqidah and Islamic Thought (10). pp. 109-128. ISSN 1511-8819

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Official URL: http://apium.um.edu.my/

Affiliations

University of the Western Cape, South Africa., Dept. of Foreign Languages

Abstract

Makalah ini membandingkan pemikiran dua tokoh Islam semasa iaitu Sayyid Qutb (m. 1966) dan `Ali Shari`ati (1977) tentang konsep jihad. Kajian ini akan cuba mengetengahkan konsep ini dalam konteks kehidupan dan penulisan kedua-dua tokoh ini. Kedua-dua tokoh Qutb dan Shari`ati telah membentuk pandangan bahawa Islam adalah jalan perubahan sosial dan mengetengahkannya sebagai alternatif kepada Kapitalisme dan Komunisme. Kedua-dua tokoh berkongsi pandangan dalam melihat Islam sebagai suatu gerakan politik. Mereka menolak faham nasionalisme sekular yang berpengaruh sekitar tahun 1960an, dan pada masa yang sama mereka juga mengkritik aliran tradisional Sunni ataupun Shi`ah yang mengesampingkan jihad politik. Mereka menentang arus yang menyokong matlamat gerakan nasionalis ketika itu dan pada masa yang sama cuba memikat generasi baru dari kalangan remaja Muslim dan meminggirkan ulama. Qutb dan ShariĂati telah menggerakkan semula Islam sebagai kayu ukur politik bagi segala tindakan umat Islam. Makalah ini juga turut mengupas konsep asas seperti konsep Islam dan Jahiliyyah menurut Qutb dan konsep tawhid dan shirk menurut Shari`ati dalam usaha mengetengahkan faham jihad kedua tokoh.

This article will compare the concept of jihad of two contemporary Islamic radical figures, the Egyptian Sayyid Qutb (d. 1966) and the Iranian `Ali Shari`ati (1977). It will place the concept within the context of the life and works of these two Islamic thinkers. Both Qutb and Shari`ati shaped the view of Islam as an instrument of social change, and presented it as an alternative to Capitalism and Communism. They both shared the vision of Islam as a political movement, and while they opposed the secular nationalism that had dominated the 1960s, they also rejected the traditional Sunni or Shi`ite view that relegated political jihad to a secondary concern. They broke away from the established order that espoused the nationalist goals of the time, attracted a new generation of Muslim youth, and alienated the ulema. Qutb and Shari`ati reactivated Islam as the political standard for Muslim behaviour. The essay will also contrast key concepts such as Islam and Jahiliyyah in Qutb and tawhid and shirk in Shari`ati in order to demonstrate the dialectical character of their concept of jihad.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:AFKAR Journal of Aqidah and Islamic Thought is an international peer reviewed journal published annually by the Department of `Aqidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. It publishes articles and research papers on `aqidah and Islamic thought, particularly Kalam, philosophy, Tasawwuf, comparative religions, logic and Islamic thought in the Malay World in Malay, English and Arabic. It is indexed in the Index Islamicus. For submission the manuscript and subscription: Ketua Sidang Pengarang Jurnal AFKAR, Jabatan Akidah dan Pemikiran Islam, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (U.P: Wan Suhaimi Wan Abdullah) Tel.: 603-79676014 / 79676097. Faks.: 603-79676142. E-mail: (afkar@um.edu.my). ADVISORY BOARD: Osman Bakar; Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud; Mohd Kamal Hassan; Hasan Mahmud `Abd al-Latiff al-Shafe’i; Ahmad Muhammad al-Tayyib; Seyyed Hossein Nasr; Hamed Taher; Alparslan Açikgenç; Bannacer el Bouazzati; Mehdi Mohaghegh; Roshdi Rashed. EDITORIAL BOARD: Mohd Fauzi Hamat; Mohd Kamil Hj. Ab. Majid; Mohd Fakhruddin Abdul Mukti; Che Zarrina Sa’ari; Khadijah Mohd Hambali @ Khambali; Wan Suhaimi Wan Abdullah. BOARD OF CO-EDITORS: Zakaria Stapa; Idris Zakaria; Mohd Nasir Omar; Baharuddin Ahmad; Muhammad Zainiy Uthman; Yasien Mohamed; Ibrahim Abu Bakar; Adi Setia Muhammad Dom; Edward R. Moad; Mohd Zaidi Ismail; Mohd Sani Badron; Muhammad Rifa`i Muhammad Amin; Abdel Hakeem Yusef al-Khaleifi; S. S. Scatolini Apóstolo Abdulsalam.
Keywords:Jihad, Egypt, Iran, Qutb, Shari ati, Sunni, Shi`ite, jahiliyyah, Tawhid, Qur an
Subjects:H Social Sciences, Economics, Sociology
B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Islam
ID Code:10830

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