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Geopark sebagai Peraga Pembangunan Lestari Wilayah

Ibrahim Komoo, (2010) Geopark sebagai Peraga Pembangunan Lestari Wilayah. Akademika, 80 . pp. 9-18. ISSN 01265008

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Official URL: http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~penerbit/akademika/jademik.html

Affiliations

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. SEADPRI

Abstract

Geopark merupakan pendekatan pemuliharaan yang inovatif untuk memelihara warisan, dan menggalakkan penyelidikan saintifik, pendidikan awam dan pembangunan ekonomi tempatan. Pada peringkat awal, geopark ditakrifkan sebagai kawasan pemeliharaan bertaraf kebangsaan yang mengandungi tapak warisan geologi penting, jarang jumpaan atau bernilai estetik tinggi, dan boleh dibangunkan daripada perspektif pemuliharaan, pendidikan dan pembangunan lestari. Kebelakangan ini, konsep geopark telah berkembang dan tidak lagi tertumpu kepada pemeliharaan kawasan. Konsep tersebut telah menjadi alat pembangunan atau jenama sesuatu kawasan yang berjaya mengimbangi keperluan pemuliharaan sumber tabii-budaya, aktiviti geopelancongan dan kesejahteraan komuniti tempatan. Dalam program pemuliharaan, penekanan bukan sahaja kepada pemeliharaan tapak geowarisan, tetapi geopark turut menggalakkan pemuliharaan warisan budaya dan kepelbagaian biologi secara terintegrasi. Geopelancongan diperkenalkan sebagai produk pelancongan khas yang mampu menggerakkan pelancongan berasaskan pengetahuan bagi mempromosi pendapatan ekonomi tinggi sambil mengurangkan impak terhadap sumber asli. Komuniti tempatan pula terangsang untuk turut serta dan terlibat secara aktif dalam pembangunan geopark serta meningkatkan sosio-ekonomi mereka. Makalah ini membincangkan sejarah dan evolusi konsep geopark ke arah mempromosi pembangunan lestari wilayah. Geopark sebagai peraga pembangunan lestari wilayah diperkenalkan berasaskan kerangka pembangunan yang memberikan perhatian kepada tiga komponen utama, iaitu pemuliharaan warisan, pembangunan komuniti dan pembangunan ekonomi. Perkembangan Langkawi sebagai ahli Global Geoparks Network pula memberikan penekanan kepada pembangunan pemuliharaan sumber warisan (geologi, biologi dan budaya), pembangunan infrastruktur pelancongan mesra alam dan penyediaan produk pelancongan berinovatif berasaskan sumber warisan.

ABSTRACT: Geopark is an innovative conservation approach for protection of the heritage, and encourage scientific research, public education and local economic development. Initially, a geopark is defined as a nationally protected area containing a number of geological heritage sites of particular importance, rarity or aesthetic appeal, which can be developed as part of an integrated concept of protection, education and sustainable development. Recently, the concept of geopark has evolved and not just restricted to protected areas. It has become a development tool or branding of an area, taking into consideration the balance between nature-culture conservation, geotourism activities and local community well-being. Within the conservation program, the emphasis is not only to protect geoheritage sites, but it encourages the biodiversity and cultural heritage to be conserved in an integrated manner. The introduction of geotourism as a special tourism product has also triggered the popularisation of knowledge-based tourism, which promotes higher income economy with lower impacts to natural resources. Local community is becoming more engaged and actively participating in the development of geopark, thus able to take the opportunity to enhance their economic activities. This article highlights the history and the evolution of geopark concept towards promoting regional sustainable development. The model is introduced based on a development framework that gives emphasis to three important components: heritage conservation; community development; and economic development. In line with this framework, the evolution of Langkawi as a member of the Global Geoparks Network focuses on conservation of heritage resource development, environmentally friendly tourism infrastructure development and the availability of innovative heritage resource-based tourism products.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:Translated title: Geopark as a Model for Regional Sustainable Development
Keywords:Geopark, warisan geologi, geopelancongan, pemuliharaan terintegrasi, pembangunan lestari; geological heritage, geotourism, integrated conservation, sustainable development
Subjects:H Social Sciences, Economics, Sociology
Q Science, Computer Science
G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation
ID Code:11926

Anwar Abd Rahman, Mazlan Othman & Ibrahim Komoo. 2004. Langkawi Geopark: Development Concept, Strategic Planning and Implementation Approach. Dalam Geological Heritage of Malaysia – Theoretical Framework and Assessment of Geoheritage. Mohd Shafeea Leman & Ibrahim Komoo (eds.). 231-241. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Eder, F.W. 2002. UNESCO’s Assistance to National Geoparks: Promoting Education and Recreation through Geological Heritage. Dalam Earth Heritage Conservation Strategy. Ibrahim Komoo, Mazlan Othman & Sarah Aziz (eds.). 3-11. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Hose, T.A. 1996. Geotourism, or Can Tourists Become Casual Rock Hounds? Dalam Geology on Your Doorstep. Bennett, M.R., Doyle, P., Larwood, J.G. & Prosser, C.D. (eds.). 207-228. London: Geological Society.

Ibrahim Komoo. 2000. Conservation Geology: A Multidisciplinary Approach in Utilization of Earth Resources Without Destruction. Dalam Geological Heritage of Malaysia – Resource Development for Conservation and Nature Tourism. Ibrahim Komoo & Tjia, H.D. (eds.). 3-11. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Ibrahim Komoo. 2002. Geotaman Langkawi: Konsep dan Strategi Perlaksanaan. Dalam Warisan Geologi Malaysia – Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan Geowarisan. Ibrahim Komoo & Mohd Shafeea Leman (eds.). 42-61.Bangi: LESTARI UKM Publication. 2003. Conservation Geology: Protecting Hidden Treasures of Malaysia. Academy of Sciences Inaugural Lectures 2003. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Ibrahim Komoo. 2009. Memartabatkan Sumber Warisan Geologi di Malaysia. Dalam Warisan Geologi Malaysia – Ke Arah Memartabatkan Sumber Geowarisan. Che Aziz Ali, Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamal Roslan Mohamed & Ibrahim Komoo (eds.). 3-17. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Ibrahim Komoo & Patzak, M. 2010. Global Geoparks Network: An Integrated Approach for Heritage Conservation and Sustainable Use. Dalam Geoheritage of East and Southeast Asia. Mohd Shafeea Leman, Reedman, A. & Chen Shick Pei (eds.). 3-13. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Mohd Shafeea Leman, Kamarulzaman Abdul Ghani, Ibrahim Komoo & Norhayati Ahmad 2007. Langkawi Geopark. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

McKeever, P.J. 2009. The UNESCO Global Network of National Geoparks: Geological Heritage and Sustainability. LESTARI Public Lecture No. 7. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

Shahruddin Mohamad Ismail, Ibrahim Komoo & Mohd Shafeea Leman. 2004. Geoforest Park: An Innovative Approach Towards Geological Heritage Conservation within Permanent Reserved Forests of Malaysia. Dalam Geological Heritage of Malaysia – Theoretical Framework and Assessment of Geoheritage. Mohd Shafeea Leman & Ibrahim Komoo (eds.). 243-250. Bangi: LESTARI UKM.

UNESCO. 1988. Operational Guideline for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO WHC/2/Revised December 1988. UNESCO Paris.

UNESCO. 2000. UNESCO Geoparks Programme Feasibility Study. Laporan oleh Division of Earth Sciences for the UNESCO’s Executive Board Meeting. UNESCO, Paris (tidak diterbitkan).

UNESCO. 2006. Global Geopark Network. Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, UNESCO Paris.

UNESCO. 2010. Guidelines and Criteria for National Geoparks Seeking UNESCO’s Assistance to Join the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) (April 2010). UNESCO Paris.

Zouros, N. & Martini, G. 2003. Introduction to the European Geoparks Network. In Zouros, N., Martini, G. & Frey, M.L. (eds.) Proc. 2nd European Geoparks Network Meeting. Lesvos, Greece. Natural History Museum of Lesvos Pertified Forest, 17-21.

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