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Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Man: A Review

Norhayati M., and Fatmah M.S., and Yusof S., and Edariah A.B., (2003) Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Man: A Review. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 58 (2). pp. 296-305. ISSN 0300-5283

Full text not available from this repository.

Affiliations

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Faculty of Medicine. Dept. of Parasitology and Medical Entomology.
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Faculty of Medicine. Dept. of Parasitology and Medical Entomology.
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Faculty of Medicine. Dept. of Parasitology and Medical Entomology.
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Faculty of Medicine. Dept. of Parasitology and Medical Entomology.

Abstract

Intestinal parasites of importance to man are $Enterobius$ $vermicularis$, the soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) - $Ascaris$ $lumbricoides$, $Trichuris$ $trichiura$, hookworms ($Necator$ $americanus$ / $Ancylostoma$ $duodenal$) and $Strongyloides$ $stercoralis$ and the protozoa $Entamoeba$ $histolytica$ and $Giardia$ $duodenalis$. Other protozoa such as $Cryptosporidium$ $sp.$ and $Isospora$ $sp.$ are becoming important in causing prolonged diarrhea in Immunocompromised patients. It is estimated that almost 1 billion, 500 million and 900 million people worldwide are infected by the major nematode species — $A.lumbricoides$ , $T.trichiura$ and hookworms respectively. Most of the infections are endemic and widely distributed throughout poor and socio-economically deprived communities in the tropics and subtropics. Environmental, socio-economic, demographic and health-related behavior is known to influence the transmission and distribution of these infections. In giardiasis, one study indicates that age ≤12 years and the presence of family members infected with $Giardia$ were risk factors for infection. Most of the infections occur in children and both genders are equally affected. Epidemiological studies of STH infections have shown that the prevalence and intensity of infection are highest among children 4-15 years of age. The frequency of distribution of STH infections is over-dispersed and highly aggregated. Predisposition to reinfection following treatment has been reported in these infections. In highly endemic areas reinfection can occur as early as 2 months post-treatment, and by 4 months, almost half of the population treated become reinfected. By 6 months the intensity of infection was similar to pretreatment level.

Item Type:Journal
Keywords:Intestinal Parasitic Infections
Subjects:R Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Nursing
ID Code:6348

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