In the Shadow of Change: Images of Women in Indonesian Literature oleh Tineke Hellwig: Ulasan Kritis
Ungku Maimunah Mohd. Tahir, (2006) In the Shadow of Change: Images of Women in Indonesian Literature oleh Tineke Hellwig: Ulasan Kritis. Sari (ATMA), 24 . pp. 161-172. ISSN 0127-2721 AffiliationsUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Institute of Malay World and Civilization AbstractIn analysing images of women in Indonesian narratives over a span of 50 years, Hellwig has chosen to avail herself of feminists theories because she claims that they allow her to challenge, negotiate or take up issues with the texts studied. This approach, according to her, is necessary in order to offer an alternative reading, one which is different from the mainstream interpretation often found in critical works on Indonesian literature. Hellwig’s findings demonstrate that images of Indonesian women over the period studied have changed little, namely Indonesian women are essentially portrayed as objects as opposed to subjects that have agency. Likewise, a patriarchal ideology largely underpins production, consumption and appreciation of Indonesian literature. According to Hellwig, this was, among others, due to religious or cultural values, teachings or decrees, which have become so much a part of Indonesian society and accepted as such without question. In the context of an academic study, Hellwig’s meticulous analysis is beyond question, particularly in terms of its coherence and logical argumentation. However, various aspects not evident in the narratives, aspects which are deliberately left unsaid because of certain demands or biases of the narratives, or which constitute readers’ and writers’ shared assumptions but which, albeit left unsaid,
nonetheless serve to colour the narratives, are sometimes not taken into account to balance out the written and the said. This, in turn, gives rise to several statements which are not altogether correct, and open to challenge.
This comment notwithstanding, Hellwig’s analysis on the whole does offer an alternative reading, besides contributing to the corpus of critical works on Indonesian literature.
Dalam menganlisis citra wanita dalam cereka Indonesia sepanjang 50 tahun, Hellwig memilih teori-teori feminis kerana teori-teori tersebut membolehkan beliau mencabar teks yang dikaji. Pendekatan ini menurut beliau, perlu demi
menawarkan satu bacaan alternatif kepada bacaan yang lumrah ditemui dalam tulisan kritikan sastera Indonesia. Penemuan Hellwig menunjukkan citra wanita Indonesia sepanjang tempoh itu tidak banyak berubah, iaitu masih sebagai objek dan bukan subjek yang mempunyai ikhtiar atau agency.
Sebaliknya, ideologi patriaki jelas mendasari penghasilan dan penerimaan serta penghayatan karya cereka Indonesia. Ini disebabkan beberapa pegangan, fatwa atau ajaran, sama ada yang terbit daripada agama atau budaya, yang sudah sebati dalam masyarakat Indonesia, dan diterima pakai.
Dalam konteks kerangka sebuah kajian ilmiah, ketelitian analisis Hellwig memang boleh dipertanggungjawabkan daripada segi logik dan kelicinan hujahnya. Namun begitu, perkara-perkara yang tidak tertera dalam cereka, yang mungkin dipilih oleh penulis cereka untuk sengaja dilenyapkan atas sebab-sebab tuntutan dan bias cerita, atau pun yang memang sudah sedia dimaklumi penulis dan pembaca dan justeru itu tidak dijelaskan, tetapi tetap memainkan peranan dalam mewarnai cereka, kadangkala tidak diambil kira untuk mengimbangi data analisis yang tertera. Ini lantas menimbulkan beberapa kenyataan yang kurang tepat, yang boleh pula dipertikaikan. Repository Staff Only: item control page
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