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The Position and Power Of Sultans, Amirs and The Mamluk Armies During The Circassian Mamluk Period (872-922/1468-1517)

Wan Kamal Mujani, (2006) The Position and Power Of Sultans, Amirs and The Mamluk Armies During The Circassian Mamluk Period (872-922/1468-1517). Jurnal Usuluddin . pp. 139-162. ISSN 1394-3923

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Official URL: http://apium.um.edu.my/journals/journal_usul/No_Usul.php

Affiliations

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Faculty of Islamic Studies

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan kedudukan dan kuasa para sultan, amir dan tentera Mamluk kira-kira setengah abad sebelum kejatuhan kerajaan Mamluk. Di samping itu, ia juga meninjau keadaan atau suasana politik ketika itu. Isu-isu ini perlu diketengahkan kerana ia masih kurang dibicarakan dan tidak banyak penulisan yang dibuat mengenainya terutama kedudukan politik ketiga-tiga kumpulan ini sebelum berakhir kesultanan Mamluk. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahawa kerajaan Mamluk tidak mempunyai sistem atau kaedah yang tetap dalam perlantikan seseorang sultan dan jawatan ini adalah terbuka kepada kumpulan Mamluk yang paling dominan. Seseorang sultan boleh digulingkan bila-bila masa sekiranya ia lemah dan tidak lagi dapat menjaga kepentingan kumpulan Mamluk yang diwakilinya. Kuasanya juga kadang-kala terbatas mengikut kehendak ahli-ahli kumpulannya. Dalam tempoh yang dikaji, terdapat seramai 7 orang sultan yang memerintah dan pertikaian politik sering kali berlaku sama ada disebabkan faktor dalaman mahupun luaran. Kumpulan amir pula kerap kali bertelagah untuk merebutkan pangkat dan mendapatkan kuasa. Amir yang menjadi sultan akan cuba memperkukuhkan kedudukan dan kekuasaannya dengan menambahkan tentera peribadinya dan meminggirkan amīr lain yang berpengaruh. Manakala tentera Mamluk yang terdiri daripada pelbagai kumpulan, mempunyai kedudukan yang berbeza-beza. Kumpulan Julban yang merupakan sayap kanan seseorang sultan lebih tinggi kedudukannya dan kuasanya berbanding kumpulan lain yang dianaktirikan. Ini juga menjadi punca kepada ketidakstabilan politik ketika itu.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:http://statika.imperiaonline.org/imperia/game/_addons/dokladi/?path=bitki/18/2009_12_9/18073579_18068443_335432
Keywords:Sultan, Amir, Mamluk, Circassion Mamluk
Subjects:B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Islam
ID Code:7168

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