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Analisis Impak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi ke atas Kualiti Hidup Penduduk di Malaysia

Ishak Yussof, and Mustaffa Omar, (2008) Analisis Impak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi ke atas Kualiti Hidup Penduduk di Malaysia. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis (JQMA), 4 (2). pp. 1-18. ISSN 1823-5670

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Official URL: http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~ppsmfst/jqma/index2.html

Affiliations

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Faculty of Economics and Business
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities

Abstract

Perdebatan telah lama wujud di kalangan ahli ekonomi berhubung kesan pertumbuhan ekonomi ke atas taraf hidup dan tingkat kesejahteraan penduduk. Ramai yang berpandangan bahawa pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berlaku tidak semestinya bermakna kesejahteraan hidup penduduk turut akan terjamin, terutama sekiranya pertumbuhan tersebut tidak disertai dengan kesan titisan ke bawah secara menyeluruh. Malah dalam keadaan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tidak terkawal, seringkali ia diiringi oleh beberapa kesan luaran negatif yang mengganggu kesejahteraan penduduknya dalam jangka masa panjang, seperti kadar inflasi yang terlalu tinggi, isu pencemaran dan masalah penyusutan sumber yang berlebihan. Dalam makalah ini dianalisis impak pertumbuhan ekonomi ke atas kualiti hidup penduduk di Malaysia. Untuk tujuan ini, analisis regresi berganda dilakukan ke atas data kesebelasan komponen kualiti hidup negara. Analisis dibahagikan kepada dua fasa pembangunan negara, iaitu fasa kedua pelaksanaan DEB (1980-1990) dan fasa pelaksanaan DPN (1991-2000). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa dalam tempoh fasa kedua DEB (1980-1990), impak pembangunan ekonomi ke atas komponen kualiti hidup adalah lebih nyata dalam aspek pendapatan dan pengagihan, keselamatan awam, penyertaan sosial dan kehidupan keluarga. Manakala dalam tempoh pelaksanaan DPN (1991-2000), impaknya adalah lebih nyata ke atas aspek pengangkutan dan komunikasi, alam sekitar, pendidikan dan kehidupan keluarga.

Economists have long debated over the impact of economic growth on people’s living standards and their social well being. Many believe that people’s social well being will not be necessarily guaranteed by the increase in economic growth per se or when the growth failed to have a trickled down effect. In fact, in a situation of uncontrolled economic growth, the existence of several negative externalities such as high inflation rate, environmental issues and depletion of resources may have long run effects on people’s social well being. This article aims at analyzing the impact of economic growth on the quality of life in Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis is carried out on all eleven components of the national quality of life data. The analysis is divided into two phases of national development plans, i.e. the second period of New Economic Policy (NEP, 1980-1990) and the period of National Development Policy (NDP, 1991-2000). During the second period of NEP (1980-1990), the impact of economic development is obvious on income and distribution; public safety; social participation and family life components. As for the NDP (1991-2000) period, the impact of economic growth is more discernible on components such as transportation and communication, environment, education and family life.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:Translated title: Impact Analysis of Economic Growth on Malaysian Quality of Life
Keywords:Pertumbuhan ekonomi; kualiti hidup; kebajikan/kesejahteraan penduduk, Economic growth; quality of life; welfare/social well being
Subjects:H Social Sciences, Economics, Sociology
Q Science, Computer Science
ID Code:9682

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