Impak Aktiviti Pemprosesan Amang Sistem Tertutup ke atas Kualiti Air dan Sedimen Setempat.

Muhamad Samudi Yasir, and Amran Ab Majid, and Redzuwan Yahaya, and Ismail Bahari, and Wong, Siew Kim (2007) Impak Aktiviti Pemprosesan Amang Sistem Tertutup ke atas Kualiti Air dan Sedimen Setempat. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11 (2). pp. 370-378. ISSN 13942506

Abstract

The Impact of amang industry to the environment and community’s health has long been studied since the industry uses a large amount of water as well the accumulation of TENORM. A study was carried out to measure the water quality as well as the contents of radioactive substances and selected heavy metals in the water and sediments in the vicinity of an amang processing plant in Kampar Perak, which is using a close water system. The sampling locations selected are; the natural pond, closed to the plant which supply the water for the pocessing (L1), a recycling concrete pond outsite the plant (L2) and an affluent discharge point inside the plant (L3). The techniques of analysis used included in-situ measurement and laboratory analysis of water quality, direct counting of radioactivity (Uranium-238 (238U) and Thorium-232 (232Th), and chemical extraction for atomic absorption spectroscopy of heavy metals (zinc, plumbum, cuprum). Chemical extraction was carried out using potassium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, disodium etylene-diamine tertra-setic acid (Na2EDTA) and concentrated nitric acid solutions. The results show that the water quality indices for the natural pond are much better than at the effluent discharge point or the recycling concrete pond. The average 238U and 232Th concentrations were the highest in sediment samples at L3 (1110.5 ± 7.3 Bq/kg and 1966.6 ± 4.7 Bq/kg respectively). For the water samples, the radioactivity was highest in the water sample collected at concrete pond (L2), which is 35.42 ± 1.63 Bq/L (238U) and 36.16 ± 1.02 Bq/L (232Th). The average value of extracted Pb (194.13 mg/g) and Cu (9.71 mg/g) was highest in the sediment from L3, while for Zn in sediment taken from L1 (38.78 mg/g). In general, the water quality indices of L1 are better than L2 and L3. The closed water recycling system currently practiced by the amang processing plant has successfully contained the contamination to the environment caused by amang processing activities.

Impak industri amang terhadap kualiti alam sekitar dan kesihatan komuniti telah lama dikaji memandangkan industri ini membabitkan penggunaan sumber air yang banyak serta pemekatan TENORM. Satu kajian telah dilakukan untuk mengukur kualiti air, kandungan unsur radioaktif dan pelbagai logam berat terpilih dalam sampel air dan sedimen di kawasan kilang pemprosesan amang yang menggunakan sistem air tertutup. Sistem air tertutup ini tidak membabitkan pelepasan air sisa industri tersebut ke persekitaran terbuka. Oleh yang demikian sistem tertutup ini dijangka dapat meminimum impak pemprosesan amang terhadap persekitaran. Pensampelan ke atas sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan di tiga lokasi, iaitu di kolam semula jadi pembekal sumber air kilang (L1), di kolam konkrit penakungan kitar semula air di luar kilang (L2) dan di titik perlepasan efluen dalam kilang (L3). Pengukuran in-itu dilakukan terhadap suhu, pH dan oksigen terlarut. Pembilangan keradioaktifan dilakukan secara langsung bagi Uranium-238 (238U) dan Torium-232 (232Th). Pengekstrakan kimia berurutan dilakukan menggunakan larutan kalium nitrat, natrium hidroksida, dinatrium etilena-diamina tertra-asid asetik (Na2EDTA) dan asid nitrik pekat manakala kepekatan logam zink, plumbum, kuprum ditentukan menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom. Hasil kajian mendapati indeks kualiti air (IKA) bagi kolam bekalan air semula jadi adalah lebih baik berbanding dengan di lokasi pelepasan efluen dan kolam konkrit. Purata kandungan 238U dan 232Th tertinggi pada sedimen di dalam kilang (L3) iaitu masing-masing dan 1110.5 ± 7.3 Bq/kg dan 1966.6 ± 4.7 Bq/kg manakala pada sampel air pula keradioaktifan tertinggi dicatat pada kedudukan kolam konkrit (L2) iaitu 35.42 ± 1.63 Bq/L (238U) dan 36.16 ± 1.02 Bq/L (232Th). Nilai purata jumlah kandungan Pb dan Cu terekstrak dalam sampel sedimen tertinggi di kedudukan L3, iaitu masing-masing 194.13 mg/g dan 9.71 mg/g manakala kandungan tertinggi Zn terekstrak pula dikesan pada lokasi L1 (38.78mg/g). Secara keseluruhannya didapati tahap pencemaran air adalah berbeza mengikut urutan L3>L2>L1. Oleh yang demikian sistem kitaran air secara tertutup ini pada keseluruhannya berjaya membendung pencemaran akibat pemprosesan amang ke atas persekitaran.

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Abstract