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Characterisation of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smokes.

Mohammad Fais Fadzil, and Norhayati Mohd. Tahir, (2007) Characterisation of Aliphatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smokes. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11 (1). pp. 8-16. ISSN 13942506

Full text not available from this repository.

Official URL: http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~mjas/v11_n1/02_041B3-AY-Yati-.pdf

Affiliations

Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology
Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology

Abstract

A study has been conducted to investigate the distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). ETS is the smoke that is present in the ambient air due to smoking of tobacco. Types of cigarettes (C1R1 and C6R1) were chosen based on a result of a simple survey carried out to determine the consumer’s choice of cigarette brand. In analyzing the ETS, volunteers were asked to smoke each brand of cigarette in a closed room and the ETS was then collected using the High Volume Air Sampler fitted with a glass fiber filter. Smoke samples from the glass fiber filter were then extracted using Ultrasonic Agitation and fractionated into aliphatic and aromatic fraction using silicaalumina column. Identification and quantification was done using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Results indicated the presence of n-alkanes in ETS, ranging from C13 to C36 with an odd to even carbon number predominance with Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values ranging from 3.34 to 4.90. Total identified resolved aliphatic hydrocarbons (TIRAH) concentration found in ETS ranged from 590 µg m-3 to 591 µg m-3 with the percentage of plant wax n-alkanes ranging from 61% to 64% of the TIRAH found in ETS samples. In source apportionment, CPI > 1 and high percentage of plant wax n-alkanes has generally been associated with the contribution of terrestrial plant source, thus this result indicates that even after curing process and smoking of tobacco, the overall signature of the source of n-alkanes is still preserved. Amount of PAHs detected in all ETS samples ranged from 11.7 ng m-3 to 56.1 ng m-3. Results also indicated the presence of medium to high molecular weight PAHs with dominant presence of benzo[g,h,i]perylene compound. This resultseems to support the contention that smoking process involves a high temperature burning with an oxygen deficient zone in the cigarette itself. Although the concentrations were low, the carcinogenic and mutagenic PAHs were still present in the respective ETS making the passive smokers vulnerable to diseases resulted from exposure to PAHs.

Satu kajian telah dijalankan bagi mengenalpasti taburan hidrokarbon alifatik dan polisiklik aromatik di dalam Asap Tembakau Sekitaran (ATS). ATS adalah asap yang hadir di dalam udara sekitaran berikutan wujudnya aktiviti merokok. Jenis rokok (C1R1 dan C6R1) telah dipilih berdasarkan daripada jawapan soalselidik yang dijalankan bagi menentukan jenis jenama rokok pilihan pengguna. Bagi menganalisa ATS ini, sukarelawan diminta untuk merokok setiap jenis jenama rokok yang dipilih, di dalam bilik yang tertutup. ATS kemudiannya dikumpul menggunakan alat Persampelan Udara Berisipadu Tinggi yang dimuatkan dengan penapis gentian kaca. Sampel asap daripada penapis gentian kaca in kemudiannya diekstrak menggunakan teknik goncangan Ultrasonikasi dan dipisahkan kepada kumpulan alifatik dan aromatik dengan menggunakan turus silika-alumina. Pencirian dan kuantifikasi telah dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi gas dengan pengesan pengionan nyalaan. Keputusan menunjukkan kehadiran unsur n-alkana di dalam ATS yang berada dalam lingkungan C13 hingga C36 dan didominasi oleh nombor karbon ganjil berbanding genap. Nilai Indeks Pemilihan Karbon (IPK) berada dalam julat 3.34 hingga 4.90. Kepekatan Jumlah Hidrokarbon Alifatik Terpisah Dikenalpasti (JHAPK) yang wujud dalam ATS berada dalam lingkungan 590 µg m-3 hingga 591µg m-3 dengan peratus lilin tumbuhan dalam julat 61% hingga 64%. Bagi pembahagian sumber, IPK > 1 dan peratus lilin tumbuhan yang tinggi sering dikaitkan dengan sumbangan oleh sumber tumbuhan daratan. Justeru, keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa tanda pencirian bagi sumber n-alkana masih terpelihara walaupun selepas proses rawatan dan hisapan rokok tembakau. Kadar kepekatan hidrokarbon polisiklik aromatik (HPA) yang dikesan dalam sampel ATS berada dalam julat 11.7 ng m-3 hingga 56.1 ng m-3. Keputusan juga menunjukkan kehadiran berat molekul sederhana hingga besar di mana benzo[g,h,i]perylene merupakan komponen utama yang wujud dalam setiap sampel. Keputusan ini menyokong pendapat bahawa proses merokok melibatkan pembakaran bersuhu tinggi dengan kewujudan zon kurang oksigen di dalam rokok itu sendiri. Walaupun kepekatannya adalah rendah, HPA yang karsinogenik dan mutagenik ini masih hadir di dalam ATS. Ini menjadikan perokok pasif masih berpotensi kepada penyakit-penyakit akibat terdedah kepada HPA.

Item Type:Journal
Additional Information:Financial supports from the Department of Chemical Sciences, KUSTEM through a grant for final year project student (MFF) is kindly acknowledged.
Keywords:environmental tobacco smokes, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, PAHs, gas-chromatography
Subjects:Q Science
ID Code:996

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